1. Zinthu zopangidwa ndi golide: Zimatengera silika wagolide monga maziko ake, ndipo pamwamba pake amakutidwa ndi golide wosanjikiza (K).Pali mitundu iwiri ya golide wotseguka: golide woyera ndi golide wachikasu.
A. golide
Ichi ndi chitsulo chagolide chokhala ndi ductility chabwino komanso pafupifupi palibe oxidative discoloration.Popeza golide woyenga (24K) ndi wofewa kwambiri, mukamagwiritsa ntchito golide ngati chimango chowonera.Zimaphatikizidwa ndi zowonjezera monga zitsulo ndi siliva kuti zikhale zosakaniza kuti zichepetse kalasi ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ndi kulimba.Golide wa mafelemu owonera nthawi zambiri amakhala 18K, 14K, 12K, loK.
B platinamu
Ichi ndi chitsulo choyera, cholemera komanso chokwera mtengo, chokhala ndi chiyero cha 95%.
2. Tsegulani golide ndi phukusi lagolide
A. Golide wotseguka ndi chiyani?Otchedwa (K) golide si golide weniweni, koma aloyi wopangidwa ndi golide woyenga ndi zitsulo zina.Golide woyenga ndi golidi yemwe sanaphatikizidwe mokwanira (ndiko kuti, osaphatikizidwa muzitsulo zina).Golide wotseguka yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu bizinesi amatanthauza chiŵerengero cha golide woyenga ndi zitsulo zina mu aloyi, zomwe zimafotokozedwa mu (K) manambala, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ngati kuchulukitsa kwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a kulemera kwake kwa golide, kotero golide wa 24K ndi Golide weniweni. .12K golide ndiye aloyi wokhala ndi magawo khumi ndi awiri a golide woyenga bwino ndi magawo khumi ndi awiri a zitsulo zina, ndipo 9K golide ndiye aloyi wokhala ndi magawo asanu ndi anayi a golide woyenga bwino ndi magawo khumi ndi asanu a zitsulo zina.
B. Gild
Kuvala golide ndi tanthauzo la khalidwe.Popanga golide-golide, chitsulo chimodzi chachitsulo choyambira chimakutidwa ndi golide wotseguka, ndipo tsatanetsatane wazinthu zomaliza ndi chiŵerengero cha golide wotseguka wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chiwerengero cha golide wotseguka.
Pali njira ziwiri zofotokozera zokutira golidi: gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a 12 (K) amatanthauza kuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a kulemera kwa chimango ndi golidi 12K;chinacho chikusonyezedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa golidi woyenga bwino amene ali m’chopangidwacho;gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a golide wa 12K akhoza kulembedwa ngati 5/100 golide weniweni (chifukwa golide wa 12K ali ndi golide woyenga 50/100).Momwemonso, golide wa 10K wamakumi awiri ndi chimodzi amatha kulembedwa ngati 21/looo golide woyenga.Mwa fanizo, golide wachikasu ndi woyera angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mafelemu agolide.
3. Zida zamkuwa
Zosakaniza zamkuwa zofunika kwambiri ndi mkuwa, bronze, zinc cupronickel, ndi zina zotero, ndi mkuwa ndi cupronickel zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalasi.
A. Copper nickel zinc alloy (zinki cupronickel)
Chifukwa cha machinability ake abwino (machinability, electroplating, etc.), angagwiritsidwe ntchito mbali zonse.Ndi ternary alloy yomwe ili ndi Cu64, Ni18, ndi Znl8.
B. Mkuwa
Ndi aloyi ya binary yomwe ili ndi cu63-65% ndipo yotsalayo ndi zn, yokhala ndi mtundu wachikasu.Choyipa chake ndi chakuti ndizosavuta kusintha mtundu, koma chifukwa chip ndi chosavuta kukonza, chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphuno.
C. Copper nickel zinc alloy (Bran Kas)
Mu quaternary alloy iyi yomwe ili ndi Cu62, Ni23, zn1 3, ndi Sn2, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati silika wam'mphepete ndikusindikiza zizindikiro zooneka ngati fakitale chifukwa cha kulimba kwake, mawonekedwe a electroplating komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri.
D. Bronze
Ichi ndi aloyi wa Cu ndi sn alloys okhala ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana malinga ndi gawo la sn lomwe lili.Poyerekeza ndi mkuwa, chifukwa uli ndi malata sn, ndi okwera mtengo komanso ovuta kuwakonza, koma chifukwa cha elasticity yake yabwino kwambiri, ndi yoyenera pazitsulo zam'mphepete mwa waya, ndipo choyipa chake ndi chakuti sichikhala ndi dzimbiri.
E. Chigawo champhamvu cha nickel-copper chosakhala ndi dzimbiri
Ichi ndi aloyi yomwe ili ndi Ni67, CU28, Fc2Mnl, ndi 5i.Utoto wake ndi wakuda ndi woyera, wokhala ndi dzimbiri wolimba komanso wosasunthika bwino.Ndizoyenera mphete ya chimango.
Pafupifupi ma aloyi asanu amkuwa omwe ali pamwambawa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choyambira cha zinthu zopangira golide komanso choyambira cha electroplating mumafelemu owoneka bwino opangidwa kunyumba ndi kunja.
4.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
Ichi ndi aloyi yomwe ili ndi Fe, Cr, ndi Ni.Kukana kwa dzimbiri kwabwino, kokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana okhala ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana.High elasticity, ntchito ngati akachisi ndi zomangira.
5. Siliva
Mafelemu akale kwambiri amapangidwa ndi alloy siliva.Magalasi akunja akunja okha ndi magalasi odzikongoletsera omwe amagwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati zida zamakono.
6. Aluminiyamu ya Anodized
Zinthuzo ndi zopepuka, zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri, ndipo gawo lakunja la aluminiyamu limatha kuwonjezera kuuma kwa zinthuzo.Ndipo imatha kupakidwa utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana yopatsa chidwi.
7. Siliva faifi tambala
Dipatimenti ya mkuwa ndi faifi tambala aloyi, ndiyeno kuwonjezera nthaka bleaching.Zimapangitsa maonekedwe a siliva, choncho amatchedwanso "siliva wakunja".Ndi yamphamvu, yosamva dzimbiri, komanso yotsika mtengo kuposa yovala golide.Choncho, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chimango mwana.Pambuyo kupanga chimango, plating ya nickel yoyera imayikidwa kuti iwonekere.
8. Titaniyamu (Ti)
Ichi ndi chitsulo chopepuka, chosamva kutentha, komanso chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chakopa chidwi cha mafakitale osiyanasiyana.Choyipa chake ndi chakuti pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kusakhazikika kwa makina opangidwa ndi makina.
9. Rhodium plating
Electroplating rhodium pa chimango chagolide wachikasu, chomalizidwacho ndi chimango choyera chagolide chosakhala chachitsulo komanso zinthu zopangidwa ndikuchita bwino komanso mawonekedwe okhutiritsa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-02-2021